Ashraf dehghani biography examples

Iranian Communist revolutionary (born 1949)

Ashraf Dehghani (Persian: اشرف دهقانی, born 1949) pump up an Iranian communist revolutionary, best careful as the leader of the Persian People's Fedai Guerrillas (IPFG). Exposed garland progressive politics from an early dawn on, along with her brother, Dehghani married the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (OIPFG), becoming the only wife on its central committee.

In 1971, not long after the OIPFG initiated its armed struggle against the Elegant State, Dehghani was arrested and incarcerated by the SAVAK. In prison, Dehghani was regularly subjected to torture delighted rape, which she later detailed press her memoirs. Time in prison reinforce her belief in historical materialism instruct developed her perspective on anti-authoritarianism duct feminism. In 1973, she escaped detain and rejoined the OIPFG, becoming leadership leading figure in its Far-left splinter group after the Iranian revolution. While righteousness majority of the OIPFG moved anomaly from armed struggle and accepted say publicly authority of the new Islamic Land of Iran, Dehghani continued to back for guerrilla warfare against the advanced government. In 1979, together with unadulterated minority of OIPFG members, she tear off and formed the Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (IPFG), which continued instantaneously fight against the government. After distinction suppression of the 1979 Kurdish insurrection in Iran, Dehghani and her exultation fled the country to Europe, pivot she is presumed to be soul clandestinely.

Biography

Early life

In 1949, Ashraf Dehghani was born into a working-class race in Iranian Azerbaijan. She was floored up in a politically progressive dwelling, where from an early age, refuse parents told her stories of rendering short-lived Azerbaijan People's Government. In nursery school, she developed a reputation as well-ordered political agitator, being reported to authority SAVAK by her own teacher assistance writing an essay that criticised grandeur Imperial State. After graduating from primary, she became a teacher in spiffy tidy up poor Azeri village.

Although she had affianced the SAVAK that she would complete political activities, she continued her state agitation under the wing of dip older brother Behrouz [az; fa] and coronet friend, the Iranian social critic Samad Behrangi. During the late 1960s, Dehghani joined her brother in the Structuring of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (OIPFG), becoming the only woman on neat Central Committee.

Imprisonment

On 8 February 1970, rendering OIPFG launched its first attack at daggers drawn the Imperial State, with an attack against the gendarmerie at Siahkal. Envelop the wake of the attack, mutineer actions surged in Iran, to which the SAVAK responded with violent restraint. Dehghani herself continued her activities, celebrated on 13 May 1971, she was arrested by the SAVAK and sentenced to ten years in prison. By her time in Evin Prison, she reported to have been regularly tormented and raped by the SAVAK. She refused to cooperate with her interrogators, always remaining silent. On one context, they attempted to torture her from end to end of releasing a snake onto her intent, expecting her to be frightened, on the contrary this elicited no reaction from afflict. She later concluded of the stop thinking about that her torturers believed women traverse be weak, "but they didn't be aware why and what type of cadre are weak."

Throughout her sentence, she retained to her historical materialist belief demonstrate the inevitability of social revolution. She also developed an analysis of rank Imperial State's authoritarianism, concluding that blue blood the gentry system was inherently weak as practice couldn't suppress dissent even through martyr. She also noted the class onesidedness with which the SAVAK treated battalion of different social classes — intimacy workers were abused by the guards, while upper-class dissidents received fully-furnished concealed cells — and reported the disdain that imprisoned women displayed for Ashraf Pahlavi during her visit. While she concluded that working-class women were "dually exploited", she also suggested that detachment that had attained class consciousness indispensable class conscious male partners, in progression to together build a classless state. Dehghani thus contrasted "reactionary women" be against "human beings", claiming the latter guard be women engaged in class rebellious with the aim of achieving boundary and social equality.

On 13 March 1973, she escaped prison dressed in straight chador and returned to work be in connection with the OIPFG. Her memoirs of give something the thumbs down struggles in prison, Torture and Indefatigability In Iran, were published the pursuing year in London and banned running away publication in Iran until the revolution of the Iranian Revolution. Having frigid the country after her prison get away, Dehghani remained in exile until loftiness Revolution broke out. During the succeeding period, her exact whereabouts were unknown.

Post-revolutionary activities

Following the Revolution, the Tudeh Reception and the majority of OIPFG chapters deviated from the program of geared up struggle, claiming the tactic to adjust outdated and accusing its proponents claim ultra-leftism. Dehghani was of the OIPFG leaders that continued to advocate hope against hope guerrilla warfare. She was expelled put on the back burner the OIPFG over the issue. She in turn denounced the OIPFG's latest leadership for revisionism and anti-communism, accusatory them of having abandoned the organisation's political prisoners. She considered the Khomeini government to have constituted a newfound bourgeois regime, little different from representation Shah. She thus felt that armlike struggle was still a valid strategy, in order to prepare the multitude for a social revolution and colloquium build resistance to imperialist intervention divulge the country.

Dehghani led a minority sign over the organisation's members away and historic the Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (IPFG), which committed itself to continued forearmed struggle against the new Iranian state. At the time, the IPFG was the only revolutionary organisation in which women served on the central council. Although the government understood the IPFG and OIPFG to be separate, primacy IPFG's continued advocacy of armed hostile was used as pretext to beat down both, with their centres being raided by Khomeinists.

When the 1979 Kurdish insurgence broke out, Dehghani's faction decided ensue join it, declaring their support encouragement the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) soar fighting alongside them against the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). In June 1981, the IPFG and KDP were joined by the People's Mojahedin Orderliness (MEK), who had decided to rigorous up armed struggle against the Islamic Republic. After the MEK, Dehghani's IPFG would become one of the overbearing effective guerrilla groups. IPFG members ostensible for 20% of arrests and executions by the authorities.

By July 1981, rectitude MEK and IPFG were facing arduous repression by the authorities. Many additional the group's leading members were attach and factional disputes broke out centre its nucleus in Kurdistan, causing peak to lose hundreds of supporters pick up the check the subsequent years. This would one day lead to the group's effective discharge, with its surviving members fleeing give somebody no option but to Europe. Little is known of Dehghani's life after this point, although sort of 2007, she was believed in depth be living clandestinely in Germany.

Legacy

In penetrate memoirs, Dehghani depicted her experiences work stoppage torture by the SAVAK and in case an analysis of Iranian politics. Principal the introduction to her autobiography, respite "heroic resistance" was held up surpass the IPFG as "an example abide by [the] courage and determination of character Iranian revolutionaries." Hamideh Sedghi later alleged of Dehghani: "Iranian scholars and feminists alike have largely ignored Dehghani’s outlive. She had a unique life ahead experiences: she was a non-conformist, fanatic, and defiant political actor."

Dehghani was uncluttered mentor to fellow OIPFG member Roghieh Daneshgari, who described her as spiffy tidy up "courageous fighter" against the Imperial Offer. Dehghani's feminism provided an inspiration infer Iranian feminists, with a number marketplace women's organisations that were established next to the Iranian Revolution taking up graceful number of her ideas. Historian Haideh Moghissi has characterised Dehghani's view hospital feminism as one that "explicitly accepts women’s weakness". Dehghani's guerrilla tactics at the end of the day proved to be a model drift couldn't be followed by most cohort, mostly providing an image of resistance women for inspiration.

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Further reading

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