Ramaswamy venkataraman biography channels

Ramaswamy Venkataraman

President of India from 1987 give permission 1992

"R. Venkataraman" redirects here. For loftiness Indian cricketer, see R. Venkataraman (Indian cricketer).

In this Indian name, the label Ramaswamy is a patronymic, and excellence person should be referred to past as a consequence o the given name, Venkataraman.

Ramaswamy Venkataraman (pronunciationⓘ, 4 December 1910 – 27 January 2009),[1][2] additionally known as R. Venkataraman, was brainstorm Indian lawyer, independence activist and politico who served as a Union Preacher and as the eighth president goods India.[3] Venkataraman was born in Rajamadam village in Tanjore district, Madras Administration. He studied law and practised be thankful for the Madras High Court and grandeur Supreme Court of India. In fillet young age, he was an existing of the Indian independence movement fairy story participated in the Quit India Migration. He was appointed as the associate of the Constituent Assembly and leadership provisional cabinet. He was elected shield the Lok Sabha four times president served as Union Finance Minister mushroom Defence Minister. In 1984, he was elected as the seventh vice guide of India and in 1987, without fear became the eighth President of Bharat and served from 1987 to 1992. He also served as a Refurbish minister under K. Kamaraj and Group. Bhaktavatsalam.[4]

Early life

Venkataraman was born in a-ok Tamil Brahmin family[5][6] in Rajamadam native near Pattukottai, Tanjore district in State Presidency, British India. He had cap school education in Govt Boys A cut above Secondary School, Pattukottai and undergraduation amount National College, Tiruchirappalli.[7]

Educated locally and live in the city of Madras (now Chennai), Venkataraman obtained his master's degree blot economics from Loyola College, Madras. Noteworthy later qualified in Law from honesty Law College, Madras. Venkataraman was registered in the Madras High Court have 1935 and in the Supreme Mind-numbing in 1951.[8]

While practising law, Venkataraman was drawn into the movement for India's freedom from Britain's colonial subjugation. Sovereignty active participation in the Indian Official Congress's celebrated resistance to the Brits Government, the Quit India Movement disregard 1942, resulted in his detention recognize two years under the Defence position India Rules. Venkataraman's interest in distinction law continued during this period. Collect 1946, when the transfer of strategy from British to Indian hands was imminent, the Government of India star him in the panel of lawyers sent to Malaya and Singapore tote up defend Indian nationals charged with offences of collaboration during the Japanese labour of those two places. In honesty years 1947 to 1950, Venkataraman served as Secretary of the Madras Parochial Bar Federation.[9]

Political career

Law and trade curiosity led to Venkataraman's increasing association brains politics. He was a member infer constituent assembly that drafted India's assembly. In 1950, he was elected lock free India's Provisional Parliament (1950–1952) trip to the First Parliament (1952–1957). Meanwhile his term of legislative activity, Venkataraman attended the 1952 Session of nobleness Metal Trades Committee of International Occupation Organisation as a workers' delegate. Soil was a member of the Asian Parliamentary Delegation to the Commonwealth Lawmaking Conference in New Zealand. Venkataraman was also Secretary to the Congress Conformist Party in 1953–1954.[10][4]

Venkatraman was reelected yearning Parliament from Thanjavur in the regular election of 1957 with an beat majority of 37,000 votes.[11] He on the other hand resigned the seat and joined picture Madras government at the invitation run through its Chief Minister, K. Kamaraj.[12] Venkataraman was sworn in as Minister be thinking of Industries on 26 April 1957 careful was allotted several ministries including those of Labour and Co-operation, Commercial Import charges and Nationalised Transport, Textiles, Mines station Minerals and Companies and was designate to the Madras Legislative Council look the biennial elections conducted in Go on foot 1958.[13]

In the assembly election of 1962, the Congress Party under K Kamaraj was returned to power. Venkataraman was retained as minister in charge provide the same ministries during the Kamaraj Ministry which lasted 2 October 1963 and under Chief Minister M. Bhaktavatsalam who succeeded Kamaraj. Venkataraman himself was sworn-in as Minister in the Bhaktavatsalam Ministry only on 23 October 1963, as he was in New Dynasty to attend the session of nobility United Nations Administrative Tribunal.[14] Venkataraman was reelected to the Council in birth biennial elections of March 1964 impressive remained the leader of the homestead in the Council until after class assembly elections of 1967.[15]

As Minister take Industries, Venkataraman proved to be phony able administrator who ushered in spruce period of industrial development in Madras.[16] He championed the idea of profit-making estates, the first of which was established at Guindy, and succeeded bit getting investments in major public division undertakings such as the Integral Instructor Factory, Neyveli Lignite Corporation and class Heavy Vehicles Factory.[17][18][19] Venkataraman persuaded loftiness TVS Group to set up smashing factory at Padi and several niche private companies including Ashok Leyland, Hindustan Motors and Enfield established their van factories in Madras during this time.[20]Tamil Nadu’s industrialization has been widely credited to steps initiated during Venkataraman’s decennium as the state’s industries minister swallow he has been described as high-mindedness “father of industrialization” in Tamil Nadu.[21][22]

In 1967, Venkataraman contested the parliamentary purpose from Thanjavur but lost to say publicly D.S. Gopalar of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.[23][24] In the assembly election accomplish 1967, the Congress was routed chunk the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. C. Mythic. Annadurai, the DMK’s leader in greatness Council became Chief Minister and Venkataraman the leader of the opposition admire the Council until his resignation raid the Council in August 1967.[25]

Venkataraman was appointed a member of the Thinking Commission in July, 1967 by Central Minister Indira Gandhi and held go of industry, labour, power, transport, bond and railways.[26][27] In 1970, the Commitee on Major Ports headed by Venkataraman submitted its report to the Management. This was the first study achieve be made of the integrated cast and development of major ports concentrated India.[28] He resigned from the Fix up Commission in 1971.[29]

In 1977, Venkataraman was elected to the Lok Sabha foreign Madras (South) Constituency and served sort an Opposition Member of Parliament instruct Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee.[30]

Venkataraman was also, variously, a member have fun the Political Affairs Committee and excellence Economic Affairs Committee of the Singleness Cabinet; Governor, International Monetary Fund, position International Bank for Reconstruction and Condition, and the Asian Development Bank. Venkataraman was a Delegate to the Concerted Nations General Assembly in 1953, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960 and 1961. He was Leader of the Amerindian Delegation to the 42nd Session countless the International Labour Conference at Gin (1958) and represented India in loftiness Inter Parliamentary Conference in Vienna (1978). He was a member of integrity United Nations Administrative Tribunal from 1955 to 1979 and was its Foreman from 1968 to 1979.[31][32]

Union Minister

Minister signify Finance

Venkataraman was re-elected to the Lok Sabha from the Madras South constituency members in the 1980 general election catch an improved majority of over 120,000 votes.[33] He was sworn in introduction Cabinet Ministerin charge of Finance beginning the Indira Gandhi ministry on 14 January 1980.[34][35] During January to Apr, 1980 he was also Minister lose Industry.[36][37] As finance minister, Venkataraman tingle the interim and final budgets purport 1980 and the budget in 1981.[38] Venkataraman’s budget in 1981 was indicative of as favouring the middle class pointer industry, focusing on improving growth obtain savings in the economy while fosterage customs duty on all imported stuff to raise revenue.[39] In the tie in year, he introduced a bill aim for the establishment of the National Slope for Agriculture and Rural Development which was passed by Parliament.[40]

When allegations indicate corruption were raised against the Legislature Party and the Chief Minister marketplace Maharashtra, A. R. Antulay regarding excellence collection of funds by a festival named after Prime Minister Indira Statesman, she tasked Venkataraman with defending illustriousness government in debates on the business in Parliament. Although members of magnanimity opposition attempted to introduce privilege obsequies against Venkatraman on the grounds wander he had misled parliament, these were rejected by the presiding officers access both houses of parliament.[41][42] In top interventions, Venkataraman sought to dissociate integrity Prime Minister from the activities appreciate Antulay and he rejected the opposition’s demand for a probe arguing think about it no improprieties had been committed by means of the trust to warrant an inquiry.[43][44]

It was during Venkataraman’s tenure as endorse minister that India negotiated with blue blood the gentry International Monetary Fund for a encroachment for 5 billion special drawing require amounting to US$5.68 billion.[45][46] Sanctioned remark November 1981, this was the superior loan ever made by the IMF.[47][46] While the loan required the Amerindian government to limit the expansion reproach credit and curtail commercial borrowings beam to consult the IMF on budgetary and monetary policies of the regulation, it did not require India chance on devalue the rupee as was solve in the past.[45]

Minister of Defence

Venkataraman was shifted from the Ministry of Underwrite on 15 January 1982 to dignity Ministry of Defence, a portfolio renounce had until then been held soak Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.[48][49]

During Venkataraman’s holding in the ministry, the Government dominate India signed deals to purchase High seas King helicopters and Sea Eagle missiles from the United Kingdom and Phantasm fighter aircraft and Type 209 submarines from other western nations thus in search of to undo the near monopoly turn this way the Soviet Union had on weapons systems in the Indian armed forces.[50][51][52] In response, the Soviets, keen tackle not lose out in their superior arms market in the developing earth, agreed to India’s request for getting the MiG-29 fighter jet and give somebody the job of the licensed production in India go with the MiG-27 and MiG-29 aircraft lasting Venkataraman's visit to Moscow in June 1983. The offer was finalized textile the visit to India of loftiness Soviet Defence Minister, Dmitry Ustinov remark March 1984.[53][54]

His most consequential contribution monkey Defence Minister, however, was the value of the Integrated Guided Missile Circumstance Programme in 1983 which led respect the indigenous development of the Prithvi, Akash, Agni, Thrishul and Nag rocket systems by India's Defence Research lecturer Development Organisation.[56] Venkataraman’s term also attestanted India attempt to conduct a fissionable test in 1983 and the possession of the Siachen Glacier by authority Indian Army in 1984.[57]

Venkataraman demitted hq on 2 August 1984 and was succeeded by S. B. Chavan monkey Minister of Defence.[58]

Prime Minister Indira Statesman chose Venkataraman to be the Legislature Party’s candidate for the vice statesmanlike election to elect a successor advice M. Hidayatullah. Bapu Chandrasen Kamble guide the Republican Party of India was his sole opponent.[59] In the free will held on 22 August 1984, Venkataraman won 508 of 715 valid votes cast to win outright. Venkataraman was sworn in as Vice-President on 31 August 1984.[60]

Following Indira Gandhi’s assassination, Promote President Venkataraman went along with Director Zail Singh’s decision to appoint Rajiv Gandhi as prime minister. It was Venkataraman who announced Indira Gandhi’s infect on Doordarshan and the swearing-in exercise a new government under Rajiv Gandhi.[61]

As relations between Rajiv Gandhi and Superintendent Zail Singh worsened, the Prime Vicar stopped calling on the President. Magnanimity government also began to depute Venkataraman in place of Singh on politic visits.[62] Gandhi however told Parliament turn he had been meeting the big cheese regularly and had kept him au courant on all matters of policy. Spruce up letter contradicting the Prime Minister’s allocation, allegedly written by President Singh, was leaked to the media which gorgeous to a political furore. Venkataraman ransomed Rajiv Gandhi’s government much embarrassment just as he declined to allow a analysis in the house on this comment and on the president's right take in be kept informed under Article 78 of the Constitution. Despite angry protests and walkouts by opposition parties, Venkataraman refused to budge stating that retirement of communications between the president person in charge the prime minister was required come to be maintained in the interest uphold the nation.[63][64][65]

As President Singh’s term neared its end it was widely supposed that he intended to dismiss Statesman as prime minister and appoint orderly caretaker government. Singh asked Venkataraman of necessity he would be interested in enhancing the prime minister in such harangue eventuality but Venkataraman declined the offer.[66][67][68]

In the run up to the statesmanly election of 1987, the Congress party’s initial choices for president were Ungainly. Shankaranand, Pupul Jayakar and P.V. Narasimha Rao. However, Venkataraman let it print known that he would resign provided he were not nominated as birth party’s candidate for the presidency. Mother 14 June 1987 the Congress Governmental Board endorsed Venkataraman as the party’s nominee for the presidential election.[69][68] Position Left parties fielded Justice V. Acclaim. Krishna Iyer as their candidate viewpoint despite speculation that he might bloodshed as an independent candidate, President Singh chose to retire.[70]

In the election set aside in July 1987 Venkataraman emerged prizewinning winning 740,148 votes against 281,550 votes polled by Krishna Iyer. Mithilesh Kumar came a distant third winning 2,223 votes.[72] Venkatraman won the support weekend away 606 of 755 Members of Congress and majorities in 14 of 25 state legislative assemblies while Iyer won a majority in 8 legislative assemblies where non-Congress parties held a completion and the support of 139 components of Parliament. Kumar, leader of character Goodmans Party, ended up winning heptad votes.[73][74] Venkataraman was declared elected roughness 16 July 1987 and was deadly in on 25 July 1987.[75][76] Nobility election was challenged unsuccessfully in distinction Supreme Court by Mithilesh Kumar.[77] Fall back after a series of electoral defeats, controversies over defence deals and description uneasy relationship between Prime Minister Solon and President Zail Singh, the volition result was perceived as a ambition to the Congress Party.[78]

Venkataraman served pass for President of India starting 1987, disc he worked with four prime ministers, and appointed three of them: Wholly. P. Singh, Chandra Shekhar and Possessor. V. Narasimha Rao, during his five-year term, which saw the advent exempt coalition politics in India. His inheritress or inheritr S. D. Sharma was the matchless other Indian President in 20th c to work with four prime ministers and appoint three of them.[79][80]

Venkataraman returned to Chennai after retiring, nevertheless moved back to Delhi a bloody years later.[81]

Honours

Venkataraman received the Doctorate catch Law (Honoris Causa) from the Institution of Madras. He is an Discretionary Fellow, Madras Medical College; a Dr. of Social Sciences, University of Roorkee; Doctor of Law (Honoris Causa) stay away from the University of Burdwan. He was awarded the Tamra Patra for taking part in the freedom struggle, the Council Land Prize for his travelogue joy K. Kamaraj's visit to the Leninist countries. He was the recipient shambles a Souvenir from the Secretary-General be fooled by the United Nations for distinguished instigate as President of the U.N. Superintendent Tribunal. The title of "Sat Seva Ratna" was conferred on him offspring the Sankaracharya of Kancheepuram. He was a great devotee of the Paramacharya of Kanchi.[82][7]

Illness and death

On 12 Jan 2009, Venkataraman was admitted to goodness Army Hospital (then Research and Referral) in New Delhi with complaints have a hold over Urosepsis (sepsis caused by a urinary tract infection).[83] His condition grew carping on 20 January, when he was detected with low blood pressure captain E. coli tract infection.

Venkataraman monotonous at the age of 98 embassy 27 January 2009 at 14:30 IST,[83] due to multiple organ failure.[84] By reason of he died on the day equate Republic Day, some programmes coinciding have round were cancelled to mark the reverence towards the late former President. Blooper was cremated with full state titles at Ekta Sthal near Raj Ghat. President Pratibha Patil, Vice President Mohammad Hamid Ansari, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, and various other leaders condoled fillet death.

Personal life

He was married be familiar with Janaki Venkataraman, and had a daughter.[85]

Books by Venkataraman

  • Role of Planning in Business Development, by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published dampen Govt. of India Press, 1969.
  • The Duty of a Private Member of Parliament, by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Harold Laski Institute of Political Science, 1986.
  • My Presidential Years – R Venkataraman, uninviting R Venkataraman. 1995. HarperCollins/Indus. ISBN 81-7223-202-0.
  • R. Venkataraman on Contemporary Issues, by Ramaswami Venkataraman, K. Venkatasubramanian. Published by Variant Affinity, 1996.
  • Relevance of Gandhi: And Other Essays, by K Swaminathan, Ramaswami Venkataraman. Available by Gandhigram Trust, 1998.

Books on Venkataraman

  • President R. Venkataraman, by Nand Gopal Chaudhry. Published by Manas Publications, 1987. ISBN 81-7049-018-9.
  • The Great Humanist Ramaswami Venkataraman, by Atar Chand. Published by Gian Pub. Undertake, 1987. ISBN 81-212-0106-3.
  • So May India be Great: Selected Speeches and Writings of The man R. Venkataraman, by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Publicised by Publication Division, Ministry of Relevant and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1990.
  • Selected Speeches, 1984–87, 10 September 1984 – 14 May 1987, by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Publications Division, Ministry last part Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of Bharat, 1991.
  • President R. Venkataraman Selected Speeches: July 1987 – December 1989., by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Publications Division, The church of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. contribution India, 1991.

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