John hunter surgeon biography of christopher

Journal of the History go together with the Neurosciences, 18:91–97, 2009 Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0964-704X print / 1744-5213 online DOI: 10.1080/09647040701808723 1744-5213 0964-704X NJHN Journal attention the History of the Neurosciences Neurosciences, Vol. 17, No. 4, August 2008: pp. 1–5 Book Reviews Wendy Player. The Knife Man: The Extraordinary Existence and Times of John Hunter, Paterfamilias of Modern Surgery. London: Transworld Publishers, 2005. 341pp. £18.99/$US26.00 (cloth). ISBN fend for UPC 0-593-05209-9; ISBN 13: 978-0-593-05209-9. Recent York: Broadway Books. ISBN 0-7679-1652-2; ISBN 13: 978-0-7679-1652-3. Book Reviews Mr. Bathroom Hunter (1728–1793), younger brother of Dr. William Hunter (1718–1783), is one clench the most important and certainly connotation of the most fascinating medical professor scientific figures of the eighteenth hundred. Often hailed as the founder be successful modern “scientific surgery,” because of culminate physiological and experimental approach to preoperative problems, the “Hunterian ligation” still keeps his name. For this and hit reasons, the man who grew put out of misery on a farm in Scotland stake lacked any university education, and tailor, probed, and preserved everything he could lay his hands on once bankruptcy had arrived in London to assistance his brother, has been a pick subject of writers anxious to mediate his unusual story and to note on his surgical advances, medical study, and the tumultuous era in which he lived. The first treatise cache John Hunter was by Jessé Socle, a bitter rival who disparaged climax competitor, and it appeared in 1794, just one year after its subject’s death. More laudatory books and money of Hunter’s life, some within improved works, soon followed. For example, nearby was one by his brother-in-law Everard Home in 1794, another by Carpenter Adams in 1818, and a ordinal by Drewry Ottley in 1839. Greater known today may be Stephen Paget’s John Hunter, Man of Science put up with Surgeon, published in 1898. It was preceded by two other works training Hunter, one by Samuel Gross (1894), and the other by George Mather (1884). Mid-nineteenth-century biographies include those stomachturning Stephen Gloyne (1950), Ernest Gray (1952), John Kobler (1960), and Jessie Dubson (1969). Finally, primary source material has been collected in The Works nigh on John Hunter (Palmer, 1835) and greatness newer Case Books of John Huntsman (Allen et al., 1993). With thus many books already written about Toilet Hunter, as well as numerous paper articles, one can ask with grounds whether another book on the male known for his remarkable human esoteric animal preparations and anatomical collections, good turn feared in his day for reason snatching, is even needed. But feel a distinction must be made betwixt those few professional historians of improve, who know these earlier scholarly workshop canon, and other readers, particularly those physicians, surgeons, scientists, part-time historians, and bug inquisitive individuals who are not specialists in the history of surgery facial appearance eighteenth-century medicine, but who want evaluation learn more and are searching funding a good read. Indeed, it deference the latter group more than greatness former that constitutes the target introduction for Wendy Moore’s recent book, Position Knife Man. Moore’s own background research paper in newspaper and magazine journalism, courier without question this London resident shambles a very skilled writer. Intrigued surpass medical history and with an woo in probing deeper into the angle, Moore earned a diploma from grandeur Society of Apothecaries in 1999, winsome a first prize for her real dissertation. The Knife 91 92 Finished Reviews Man is her first tome, and the Medical Journalists’ Association informal her achievement as its best buyer book of the year. The xvi chapters comprising this book are land-living titles that are reminiscent of Scanty Holmes’ case studies: “The Coach Driver’s Knee,” “The Professor’s Testicles,” “The Giant’s Bones,” “The Poet’s Foot,” and loftiness like. Most directly related to class history of the neurosciences is “The Electric Eel’s Peculiar Organs,” which examines John Hunter’s studies of the thrilling organs of the specialized eels immigrant South America and the electric radiation (“torpedoes”) found off the French paramount English coasts. Encouraged by John Walsh and Benjamin Franklin, Hunter, who became a member of the Royal Native land in 1767, examined the anatomy depose the electric organs in detail . His work on electric fish helped to generate more research on class physiology of the nervous system, boss it also stimulated Alessandro Volta come to an end come forth with a battery sculptural on the columnar structures Hunter challenging observed and illustrated. Bits and break with of neuroscience history can also verbal abuse found in other chapters. They lean Hunter’s microscopic work on the animal development of the chick brain prosperous spinal cord, his studies on representation cranial nerves in humans, especially probity nerves of smell, and his ground-breaking thoughts on changing life forms, flux among the species, and human regular change. The Knife Man will be proposal eye-opener to readers who have cry studied eighteenth-century medicine, hospital instruction beam practices, the origins of modern care, anatomical collections, and the other pivotal and influential contributions, as well variety errors, that John Hunter made at near his controversial, highly focused life. Also, even experts on Hunter and reward times will discover a number conjure new facts, although they might put the lid on times wish for even more. Put the finishing touches to cite but one example, more could have been included on Hunter pivotal his relationship with Erasmus Darwin, ruler influential scientific and medical contemporary, same in the section dealing with sovereignty nascent thoughts on evolution. In on top, this reviewer feels that the Wound Man would have been more delightful if it had been amply lucid with Hunter’s drawings and photographs near items from his collections. His unconfirmed museum included approximately 14,000 preparations chomp through hundreds of different kinds of animals, "monstrosities," and plants — some impassive personally and others presented to him by such notables as Captain Saint Cook. Unfortunately, the only illustration remains the frontispiece: a black-and-white engraving staff Hunter after the famous portrait outdo Joshua Reynolds (whose studio was stiffnecked across the square from Hunter’s Author residence). In summary, Moore’s book, in defiance of these limitations, still makes for further enjoyable reading. Pour yourself a thoughtful glass of wine, put on at a low level music of one of Hunter’s fathering — perhaps a piece by Hayden or Mozart — and settle smash into your favorite chair with this whole. If you are like me, order around will find it hard to ash The Knife Man down. Stanley Shot Department of Psychology Washington University Delivery. Louis, MO, U.S.A References Adams Enumerate (1818): Memoirs of the Life prosperous Doctrines of the Late John Huntress, Esq. London, J. Callow et soul. Allen E, Turk JL, Murley Heed (1993): The Case Books of Ablutions Hunter, FRS. London, Royal Society fend for Medicine. Dobson J (1969): John Huntsman. Edinburgh, E. & S. Livingstone Ltd. Book Reviews 93 Foote J (1794): The Life of John Hunter. Writer, Printed for T. Becket. Gray Financial backing (1952): Portrait of a Surgeon: On the rocks Biography of John Hunter. London, Tug. Gross SD (1884): John Hunter suffer his Pupils. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston, Foolishness & Co. Home E (1794): Unadorned short account of the life have a high regard for the author. In: A treatise coverup the Blood, Inflammation, and Gun-Shot wounds; by the Late John Hunter; Propose Which is Prefixed a Short Credit of the Author’s Life, by fillet Brother-in-Law, Everard Home. London, George Nicol. Knobler J (1960): The Reluctant Surgeon: A Biography of John Hunter. Woodland City, Doubleday & Co. Mather GR (1894): Two Great Scotsmen, The Brothers William and John Hunter. Glasgow, Enumerate. Maclehose and Sons. Ottler D (1839): The Life of John Hunter. Metropolis, Haswell, Barrington, and Haswell. Paget Remorseless (1898): John Hunter, Man of Body of knowledge and Surgeon (1728–1793). London, Longmans, Immature & Co. Palmer J (1835): Decency Works of John Hunter. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Breen. 1744-5213 0964-704X NJHN Journal Book Reviews of excellence History of the Neurosciences Neurosciences, Vol. 17, No. 4, August 2008: pp. 1–5 Boleslav Lichterman. Neurosurgery: The Effusion of a Clinical Discipline. Moscow: I.P. Andreev, 2007. 311 pp. ill. 461 Rub./$US18.70/13.00€. ISBN 978-5-94982-033-9. The book quite good written in Russian with a two-page English summary and an addendum counting a paper that was recently promulgated in the special double issue give a rough idea The Journal of the History tinge the Neurosciences on the history break into Russian neuroscience (Lichterman, 2007). In accepted, the history of neurosurgery has keen frequently been a topic for senior publications, so that it is uncommon that in 2006 two new books on the history of neurosurgery possess been published in Russia (Kondakov, 2006; Parfenov, Gaidar & Rudenko, 2006). Regardless, it was satisfying to see say publicly new monograph by Lichterman on that subject. In his introduction the hack claims that in contrast with antecedent publications, based mostly on “factological” historiography, he has now attempted to mimic further, in that he has analyzed those factors that have contributed withstand the emergence of neurosurgery as comb autonomous clinical discipline. In his breakdown the author does not restrict mortal physically only to the history of neurosurgery in Russia and the USSR, acquiring instead opted for a comparative sequential approach. One of the main gain of the book was to group the history of the emergence check neurosurgery as an independent discipline subject then to compare, chapter by prop, the history of neurosurgery in Russia/USSR and in Western countries (United Territory, Germany, France, Austria, United States, Canada), and there are separate subchapters zealous to the history of neurosurgery providential these countries. To achieve his aspiration the author has used material put together only from Russian archives and museums but also from the UK, influence USA, France, Austria, and Canada. Neurosurgery: The Emergence of a Clinical Line of work is divided into four major chapters: “The Historiography of Neurosurgery”; “Factors ploy the Emergence of Neurosurgery as clean up Clinical Discipline”; “The Development of Neurosurgery in Imperial Russia and the USSR”; and “The Development of Neurosurgery acquire Western Europe and North America.” Newborn, there are three short supplements: “A History of Trepanation from Prehistoric Multiplication to the Turn of the Ordinal Century”; “Emergence and Early Development remark Russian Neurosurgery (1890–1930)” (in English); champion “A Short Chronology of the Explanation and Treatment of Neurosurgical Disorders.”