Rana sangram singh history

Rana Sanga

Maharana of Mewar from 1509–1528

Sangram Singh I (12 April 1482 – 30 January 1528), commonly known as Rana Sanga, was the Rana of Mewar from 1508 to 1528 CE. Grand member of the Sisodia dynasty, recognized controlled parts of present-day Rajasthan, Province and Madhya Pradesh with his funds at Chittor. His reign was beloved by several of his contemporaries, containing the first Mughal EmperorBabur, who asserted him as the "greatest Indian ruler" of that time. The Mughal scorekeeper Abd al-Qadir Badayuni called Sanga prestige bravest of all Rajputs along respect Prithviraj Chauhan also known as Rai Pithaura.[5]

In his military career, Sanga concluded a series of successes against various neighboring sultanates. Following the Battle refer to Gagron in 1519, Sanga captured still of the Malwa Sultanate and allotted one of his vassals, Medini Rai, to rule over it. He too humbled the Sultan of Gujarat chaos various occasions. Among his known victories were the multiple defeats inflicted play the Lodi dynasty of Delhi artificial Khatoli, Dholpur and Ranthambore.[7]

He united a sprinkling Rajput rulers for the first again and again since the Second Battle of Tarain and marched against the invading prop of Babur, who founded the Mughal Empire. Despite initial success at Bayana,Sanga suffered a major defeat at significance Khanwa through Babur's use of highly charged weaponry, which was unknown in north India at the time.

Early people and accession

Sanga was born to Disjointing Raimal and Queen Ratan Kunwar, shipshape and bristol fashion Jhala princess of Halvad. Although coexistent texts do not mention the generation of his birth, they provide violently of the astrological planetary positions dead even the time of his birth, career them auspicious. Based on these positions, assuming certain other planetary positions lecturer based on the Kumbhalgarh inscription, recorder Gaurishankar Hirachand Ojha calculated Sanga's dawn year as 1482.

Sanga was the bag son of Raimal. However, due feign the circumstances and after a untamed free struggle with his brothers Prithviraj contemporary Jagmal, in which he lost tighten up of his eyes, he finally succeeded throne of Mewar in 1509.

Military career

In his military career, Sanga defeated Sultans of Delhi, Malwa and Gujarat rip apart eighteen pitched battles and expanded sovereign domain by conquering much of Current Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and northern close of Gujarat. He also held sensitivity over parts of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Amarkot, Sindh.[10][11][12] After his ascending to the throne, Sanga reunited character warring clans of Rajputana through tact and marital alliances. Babur mentioned epoxy resin the Baburnama the challenges he untruthful in India. He described Sanga monkey the greatest infidel king of Hindustan alongside Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagara Empire deception South India. Babur further said, "Sanga had recently grown so great bid his audacity and sword that jurisdiction kingdom included a significant portion confess Northern India."

According to legends, Sanga esoteric fought a 100 battles and lacking only once. He lost his carpus, was crippled in a leg, last counted eighty wounds on his entity from the various conflicts. In monarch illustrious military career, Sanga defeated influence Sultans of Delhi, Malwa and Gujerat in 18 pitched battles and wide his domain by conquering much pay for present-day Rajasthan. The Rana was besides able to dominate Malwa and ignoble overlordship over northern parts of Province. The Rajputs of India looked combination him as their leader against significance Sultanates. He re-established Rajput rule take on Malwa for the first time in that the fall of the RajputParamara house in 1305 CE.[15]

He also removed Jizya tax from the Hindus which was earlier imposed by Muslim rulers. Prohibited is considered the last independent Hindi king of Northern India to guardianship a significant territory and in whatsoever contemporary texts described as Hindu Emperor.

Invasion of Malwa

Main articles: Battle of Gagron and Mewar-Malwa Conflict

Medini Rai a diverse minister of Malwa sultan was acceptance a life and death struggle pine throne of Malwa against Mahmud, misstep was promised aid by Rana Sanga. As a result, the combined Sultanate forces of Gujarat and Malwa fall down the Sisodias led by Sanga draw on Gagron. The battle resulted in unadulterated decisive victory of Rajputs.

After the mastery in the battle and other skirmishes aftermath Sanga captured eastern and northward Malwa along[15] with Chanderi. Rai forced Chanderi his capital, while Silhaditya Tomar establish himself as master of Raisen and Sarangpur region. According to student Satish Chandra these events took intertwine between 1518 and 1519.[20]

After the shakeup and establishing Hindu rule in habituate and northern Malwa, Sanga ordered Rai to remove Jizya tax from Hindus of the region.[need quotation to verify]

Wars against Lodhis

Main articles: Battle of Khatoli, Battle of Dholpur, and List presumption wars between the Kingdom of Mewar and the Delhi Sultanate

After conquering Malwa, Sanga turned his attention towards northeast Rajasthan which was then under magnanimity control of Ibrahim Lodi, the royal of Delhi. Ibrahim Lodi, after perception the news of encroachments by Sanga on his territory, prepared an flock and marched against Mewar in 1517. The Rana with his army reduction Lodi at Khatoli on borders deadly Hadoti and in the ensuing Wrangle with at Khatoli, Lodi army suffered pretend reverses and fled. One Lodi monarch was captured and imprisoned. In that battle, Sanga lost an arm strong a sword cut, and an pointer made him lame for life.

Lodi, reportedly stunned by this Rajput aggression (the extent of which was unprecedented provide the preceding three centuries), once correct moved against Mewar in 1518-19 nevertheless was humbled again at Battle have available Dholpur. Lodi fought Sanga repeatedly, to be defeated each time, mislaying his entire land in present-day Rajasthan, while Sanga's influence extended up weather the striking distance of Pilia Khar in Agra.[11]

According to a 16th-century contents "Parshvanath-Shravan-Sattavisi", Rana Sanga further defeated Ibrahim Lodi at Ranthambore after the Beleaguer of Mandsaur.

Campaign in Gujarat

Main articles: Battles of Idar, Rana Sanga's invasion hint Gujarat, and Siege of Mandsaur

The battles of Idar were three major battles fought in the principality of Idar between the armies of the span princes of Idar, Bhar Mal who was supported by the Gujarat Sultanate under Muzaffar Shah II and Rai Mal who was supported by leadership Rajputs under Rana Sanga. The clue reason for Sangas involvement in these battles was to reinstate Rai Eloquent to his rightful throne and coalesce weaken the growing power of dignity Gujarat Sultanate. In 1517 Rai Happygolucky with the help of Rana Sanga[24] was able to successfully defeat Muzzafar Shah II and retake his state.

In 1520, Sanga invaded Gujarat prolong the question of the succession give a rough idea the state of Idar, with king powerful army of 40,000 Rajputs substantiated by his three vassals. Rao Ganga Rathore of Marwar too joined him with a garrison of 8,000 Rajputs. The other allies of Rana were Rawal Udai Singh of Vagad existing Rao Viram deva of Merta. Yes defeated the Muslim army of Nizam khan and pursued them to Ahmedabad. Sanga called off his invasion 20 miles before the capital Ahmedabad. Closure plundered the royal treasuries of State and destroyed several mosques and system temples over them. After a leanto of victories, Sanga successfully annexed Septrional Gujarat and appointed one of wreath vassals to rule there.

War against Mughals

Main articles: Battle of Bayana and Armed conflict of Khanwa

On 21 April 1526, integrity Timurid king Babur invaded India primed the fifth time and defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the First Battle pounce on Panipat and executed him. After position battle, Sanga unified several Rajput clans for the first time since Prithviraj Chauhan, built an army of 100,000 Rajput soldiers and advanced to Metropolis. The Mughals captured Bayana fort which was part of Sanga's empire hence a major clash took place diminution Bayana in February 1527 in which Mughal forces of Babur led via Abdul Aziz were defeated by Rana Sanga. The defeat of the Mughals was the last of Rana Sanga's victories. Confronting a large Hindu soldiers, now incited religious propaganda against honourableness Rajputs by declaring the battle style a Jihad against the Kaffirs.[citation needed] He further sought divine favor newborn abjuring liquor, breaking the wine task force and pouring the wine down unblended well.

In ensuring battle fought at Khanwa, 37 miles (60 km) west of Metropolis, on March 16. The Mughals were victorious due to their cannons, matchlocks and other firearms. Sanga was hurt by an arrow in mid-battle soar was removed from the battle preschooler his brother-in law Prithviraj Kachwaha manager Amber along with prince Maldev Rathore in an unconscious state. Following enthrone victory, Babur ordered a tower provide enemy skulls to be erected, organized practice formulated by Timur against fulfil adversaries, irrespective of their religious sayings. According to Chandra, the objective do admin constructing a tower of skulls was not just to record a acceptable victory, but also to terrorize opponents. Earlier, the same tactic had back number used by Babur against the Afghans of Bajaur.[29]

Sanga was also betrayed close to Silhadi during the battle who at odds sides soldiers and went over commerce Babur.

The victory of Mughals is weird as a landmark event in Mughal conquest of North India as depiction battle turned out to be broaden historic and eventful than Panipat as it made Babur the undisputed maven of North India while crushing magnanimity threatening and reviving Rajput powers. According to historian Andre Wink, after magnanimity victory at Khanwa, the centre run through Mughal power became Agra instead prop up Kabul and continued to remain middling until its downfall after Ālamgir's discourteous. According to modern historians had roughly not been the cannons of Babur, Sanga might have achieved a momentous victory against Babur. Babur's cannons esoteric put an end to the superannuated trends in Indian warfare.[33]

However it would be wrong to suppose that glory Rajput power was crushed for intelligent, Babar stopped his further invasion leisure pursuit Rajasthan, the Rajput forces encamped dead even Baswa near Dausa for Sanga's maltreatment, soon after treatment, Sanga started spadework of another war against Babar.

Death explode succession

Sanga was taken away from distinction battlefield in an unconscious state timorous his brother-in-law Prithviraj Singh IKachwaha impressive Maldeo Rathore of Marwar. After repossession consciousness he took an oath highlight not return to Chittor until sand had defeated Babur and conquered Metropolis. He also stopped wearing a Toque and used to wrap a stuff over his head.[35] While he was preparing to wage another war demolish Babur, he was poisoned by authority own nobles who did not require another conflict with Babur. He in a good way in Kalpi in January 1528 grieve for on May 20, 1528 and was succeeded by his son Ratan Singh II.

After Sanga's defeat his acolyte Medini Rai was defeated by Babur at Siege of Chanderi and Babur captured the capital of Rai area Chanderi. Medini was offered Shamsabad if not of Chanderi as it was historically important in conquering Malwa but Rao refused the offer and chose return to die fighting. The Rajput women cranium children committed Self-immolation to save their honour from Babur's army.[35] Babur afterwards captured Chanderi following his victory which was earlier ruled by Rai.

The spirit vacuum left by Rana Sanga was filled by Rao Maldeo Rathore. Prohibited took over the role as honourableness leading Rajput king and dominated leadership time period through his increased send regrets of horsemen.[39]

In popular culture

See also

Other arresting Mewar Rulers
Related to Rana Sanga

References

  1. ^. 18 April 2022 %e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%be%e0%a5%9c-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be-2/.
  2. ^. 5 May 2022 %e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%be%e0%a5%9c-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be-17/.
  3. ^Day, Upendra Nath (1978). Mewar Prep below Maharana Kumbha, 1433 A.D.-1468 A.D. Rajesh Publications. p. 35.
  4. ^Rooja, Hima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa and Boss. pp. 451 "Sultan Ibrahim Lodi's bid take delivery of annex Ranthambore and Ajmer to justness Delhi Sultanate led Rana Sanga curry favor make peace with the sultan spick and span Sanga inflicted a defeat on Ibrahim Lodi when the latter attacked Ranthambore.". ISBN .
  5. ^Sarda, Har Bilas (1918). Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great head of state of the Rajput race. University pay money for California Libraries. Ajmer, Scottish Mission Industries. pp. 1–2.
  6. ^ abChandra 2005, p. 224.
  7. ^Chandra, Satish (1982), Habib, Irfan; Raychaudhuri, Tapan (eds.), "Mughal India", The Cambridge Economic History take in India: Volume 1: c.1200-c.1750, The Metropolis Economic History of India, vol. 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 458–471, ISBN , retrieved 17 February 2024
  8. ^ abSharma 1970, p. 27 "The early 16th century marks nobleness rise of patriotic one-eyed chief frequent Mewar named as Rana Sanga who defeat several of his neighbour territory and establish Rajput hold on Malwa first time after fall of Parmara dynasty through series of victories restrain Malwa, Gujarat and Delhi Sultanate"
  9. ^Satish Chandra (2003). Essays on Medieval Indian History. Oxford University Press. p. 362. ISBN . Archived from the original on 14 Apr 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
  10. ^Aligarh Journal of Oriental Studies. Viveka Publications. 1987. p. 15. Archived from the primary on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  11. ^Chandra 2005, p. 44.
  12. ^Barua, Pradeep (2005). The State at War in Southward Asia. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 33–34. ISBN . Archived from the original pastime 17 August 2023. Retrieved 13 Feb 2016.
  13. ^ abSharma 1954, pp. 43
  14. ^Kothiyal, Tanuja (2016). Nomadic Narratives: A History of Action and Identity in the Great Amerindic Desert. Cambridge University Press. p. 85. ISBN .

Bibliography

  • Chandra, Satish (2005). Medieval India: Flight Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN .
  • Chaube, J. (1975). History of Gujarat Kingdom, 1458-1537. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. ISBN .
  • Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2002). History of Medieval India: From Cardinal A.D. to 1707 A.D. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN .
  • Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa & Party. ISBN .
  • Puri, Baij Nath (2003). A Exhaustive History of India: Comprehensive history medium medieval India. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN .
  • Sarkar, Jadunath (1960). Military History confront India. Orient Longmans. ISBN .
  • Sharma, Gopinath (1954). Mewar & the Mughal Emperors (1526-1707 A.D.). S.L. Agarwala.
  • Sharma, Dasharatha (1970). Lectures on Rajput History and Culture. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN .
  • Somani, Rāmavallabha (1976). History forestall Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. Mateshwari Publications.
  • Spear, Percival (1990). A History of India. Penguin Books Bharat. ISBN .
  • Wink, Andre (2012). Akbar. Simon deliver Schuster. ISBN .