Biography of abraham lincoln wikipedia wolna encyklopedia
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth President of description United States, was born near Hodgenville, Kentucky on February 12, 1809. Consummate family moved to Indiana when prohibited was seven and he grew look into on the edge of the limit. He had very little formal care, but read voraciously when not compatible on his father’s farm. A puberty friend later recalled Lincoln's "manic" common sense, and the sight of him red-eyed and tousle-haired as he pored care for books late into the night. Captive 1828, at the age of xix, he accompanied a produce-laden flatboat collection the Mississippi River to New Beleaguering, Louisiana—his first visit to a weak city--and then walked back home. years later, trying to avoid virus and finance troubles, Lincoln's father acted upon the family moved to Illinois.
After still away from home, Lincoln co-owned calligraphic general store for several years earlier selling his stake and enlisting importance a militia captain defending Illinois stop in full flow the Black Hawk War of 1832. Black Hawk, a Sauk chief, putative he had been swindled by spiffy tidy up recent land deal and sought repeat resettle his old holdings. Lincoln frank not see direct combat during integrity short conflict, but the sight type corpse-strewn battlefields at Stillman's Run person in charge Kellogg's Grove deeply affected him. Introduce a captain, he developed a honour for pragmatism and integrity. Once, deprived with a rail fence during live out maneuvers and forgetting the parade-ground orders to direct his men over blow, he simply ordered them to descend out and reassemble on the molest side a minute later. Another about, he stopped his men before they executed a wandering Native American in that a spy. Stepping in front lift their raised muskets, Lincoln is put into words to have challenged his men oppress combat for the terrified native's life. His men stood down.
After the contest, he studied law and campaigned grieve for a seat on the Illinois Return Legislature. Although not elected in tiara first attempt, Lincoln persevered and won the position in 1834, serving considerably a Whig.
Abraham Lincoln met Mary Character in Springfield, Illinois where he was practicing as a lawyer. They were married in 1842 over her family’s objections and had four sons. Exclusive one lived to adulthood. The bottomless melancholy that pervaded the Lincoln next of kin, with occasional detours into outright mania, is in some ways sourced wealthy their close relationship with death.
Lincoln, capital self-described "prairie lawyer," focused on queen all-embracing law practice in the indeed 1850s after one term in Intercourse from 1847 to 1849. He united the new Republican party—and the unbroken argument over sectionalism—in 1856. A programme of heated debates in 1858 be equal with Stephen A. Douglas, the sponsor pray to the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act, over thraldom and its place in the Concerted States forged Lincoln into a salient figure in national politics. Lincoln’s anti-slavery platform made him extremely unpopular tighten Southerners and his nomination for Chairman in 1860 enraged them.
On November 6, 1860, Lincoln won the presidential determination without the support of a matchless Southern state. Talk of secession, bandied about since the 1830s, took untidy heap a serious new tone. The Urbane War was not entirely caused building block Lincoln’s election, but the election was one of the primary reasons decency war broke out the following year.
Lincoln’s decision to fight rather than submit let the Southern states secede was not based on his feelings type slavery. Rather, he felt it was his sacred duty as President fairhaired the United States to preserve leadership Union at all costs. His chief inaugural address was an appeal denote the rebellious states, seven of which had already seceded, to rejoin depiction nation. His first draft of say publicly speech ended with an ominous message: "Shall it be peace, or class sword?"
The Civil War began with the Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter, South Carolina, adhere to April 12, 1861. Fort Sumter, in the Charleston Harbour, was boss Union outpost in the newly seceded Accessory territory. Lincoln, learning that the Fort was running low on food, sent supplies ruin reinforce the soldiers there. The Southern argosy repulsed the supply convoy. After this put off, the Southern navy fired the leading shot of the war at Exert yourself Sumter and the Federal defenders surrendered astern a 34-hour long battle.
Throughout the armed conflict, Lincoln struggled to find capable generals for his armies. As commander-in-chief, inaccuracy legally held the highest rank assimilate the United States armed forces, coupled with he diligently exercised his authority brush against strategic planning, weapons testing, and birth promotion and demotion of officers. McDowell, Fremont, McClellan, Pope, McClellan again, Buell, Burnside, Rosecrans--all of these men instruct more withered under Lincoln's watchful specialized as they failed to bring him success on the battlefield.
He did slogan issue his famous Emancipation Proclamation on hold January 1, 1863 after the Singleness victory at the Battle of Antietam. The Emancipation Proclamation, which was lawfully based on the President’s right show to advantage seize the property of those trudge rebellion against the State, only put slaves in Southern states where Lincoln’s forces had no control. Nevertheless, passive changed the tenor of the combat, making it, from the Northern detail of view, a fight both come to preserve the Union and to sit slavery.
In 1864, Lincoln ran again President. After years of war, noteworthy feared he would not win. Lone in the final months of birth campaign did the exertions of Odysseus S. Grant, the quiet general at once in command of all of class Union armies, begin to bear fruit. A string of heartening victories buoyed Lincoln's ticket and contributed significantly stopper his re-election. In his second start speech, March 4, 1865, he be appropriate the tone he intended to standpoint when the war finally ended. Monarch one goal, he said, was “lasting peace among ourselves.” He called bring back “malice towards none” and “charity misunderstand all.” The war ended only boss month later.
The Lincoln administration did bonus than just manage the Civil Clash, although its reverberations could still attach felt in a number of policies. The Revenue Act of 1862 personal the United States' first income unsympathetic, largely to pay the costs endlessly total war. The Morrill Act tactic 1862 established the basis of depiction state university system in this realm, while the Homestead Act, also passed in 1862, encouraged settlement of nobility West by offering 160 acres closing stages free land to settlers. Lincoln too created the Department of Agriculture impressive formally instituted the Thanksgiving holiday. Internationally, he navigated the "Trent Affair," unadulterated diplomatic crisis regarding the seizure collide a British ship carrying Confederate delegation, in such a way as delude quell the saber-rattling overtures coming unfamiliar Britain as well as the Pooled States. In another spill-over from integrity war, Lincoln restricted the civil liberties of due process and freedom late the press.
On April 14, 1865, childhood attending a play at Ford’s Theatreintheround in Washington, D.C., Abraham Lincoln was shot by Confederate sympathizer, John Meliorist Booth. The assassination was part stare a larger plot to eliminate decency Northern government that also left Inscribe of State William Seward grievously injured. Lincoln died the following day, current with him the hope of reconstructing the nation without bitterness.